-f

change permissions to allow writing if necessary

-n

overwrite N times instead of the default (3)

--random-source

get random bytes from FILE

-s

shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)

-u

truncate and remove file after overwriting

--remove[

like -u but give control on HOW to delete; See below

-x

do not round file sizes up to the next full block;this is the default for non-regular files

-z

add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exitDelete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove the files because it is common tooperate on device files like /dev/hda, and those files usually should not be removed. The optional HOW param‐eter indicates how to remove a directory entry: 'unlink' => use a standard unlink call. 'wipe' => also firstobfuscate bytes in the name. 'wipesync' => also sync each obfuscated byte to disk. The default mode is'wipesync', but note it can be expensive.CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption: that the file system overwrites data in place.This is the traditional way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this assumption.The following are examples of file systems on which shred is not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effec‐tive in all file system modes:* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS,XFS, Ext3, etc.)* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes fail, such as RAID-based file sys‐tems* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server* file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS version 3 clients* compressed file systemsIn the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies (and shred is thus of limited effectiveness)only in data=journal mode, which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the data=ordered(default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual. Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding thedata=something option to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file, as documentedin the mount man page (man mount).In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies of the file that cannot be removed, andthat will allow a shredded file to be recovered later.AUTHORWritten by Colin Plumb.REPORTING BUGSGNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>Report shred translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>COPYRIGHTCopyright © 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent per‐mitted by law.