-a

Show all files specified on the command line. By default, only files that are accessed by at least one process are shown.

-c

used for POSIX compatibility.

-f

used for POSIX compatibility.

-k

Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -SIGNAL, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills itself, butmay kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process executing fuser is set to its real user ID beforeattempting to kill.

-i

Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.

-I

For the name space file let all comparisions be based on the inodes of the specified file(s) and never on the file names evenon network based file systems.

-l

List all known signal names.

-m

NAME specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that filesystem are listed. If a directory file is specified, it is automatically changed to NAME/. to use any file system that mightbe mounted on that directory.

-M

Request will be fulfilled only if NAME specifies a mountpoint. This is an invaluable seatbelt which prevents you from killingthe machine if NAME happens to not be a filesystem.

-w

Kill only processes which have write access. This option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.

-n

Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local TCPports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be specified. If there is no ambiguity, theshortcut notation name/space (e.g. 80/tcp) can be used.

-s

Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode. -a must not be used with -s.

-SIGNAL

Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g. -HUP)orbynumber (e.g. -1). This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not used.

-u

Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.

-v

Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS shows howthe process accesses the file. Verbose mode will also show when a particular file is being accessed as a mount point, knfsexport or swap file. In this case kernel is shown instead of the PID.

-V

Display version information.

-4

Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udpnamespaces.

-6

Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udpnamespaces.

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FILES/proc location of the proc file systemEXAMPLESfuser -km /homekills all processes accessing the file system /home in any way.if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else something; fiinvokes something if no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.fuser telnet/tcpshows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.RESTRICTIONSProcesses accessing the same file or file system several times in the same way are only shown once.If the same object is specified several times on the command line, some of those entries may be ignored.fuser may only be able to gather partial information unless run with privileges. As a consequence, files opened by processes belong‐ing to other users may not be listed and executables may be classified as mapped only.fuser cannot report on any processes that it doesn't have permission to look at the file descriptor table for. The most common timethis problem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running fuser as a non-root user. In this case fuser will report noaccess.Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with partial information, but may be undesirable for security and privacyreasons.udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can't be searched with kernels older than 1.3.78.Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.The -k option only works on processes. If the user is the kernel, fuser will print an advice, but take no action beyond that.BUGSfuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag) all processes, even if you don't have that device configured. There may beother devices it does this for too.The mount -m option will match any file within the same device as the specified file, use the -M option as well if you mean to spec‐ify only the mount point.