Linux "apt-get" Command Line Options and Examples
APT package handling utility - - command-line interface

apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as aptitude(8), synaptic(8) and wajig(1). Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below must be present.


Usage:

apt-get [-asqdyfmubV] [-o=config_string] [-c=config_file] [-t=target_release] [-a=architecture] {update | upgrade | dselect-upgrade |
dist-upgrade | install pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]... | remove pkg... | purge pkg... |
source pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]... | build-dep pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]... |
download pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]... | check | clean | autoclean | autoremove | {-v | --version} |
{-h | --help}}






Command Line Options:

--no-install-recommends
Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration Item: APT::Install-Recommends.
apt-get --no-install-recommends ...
--install-suggests
Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration Item: APT::Install-Suggests.
apt-get --install-suggests ...
-d
Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.
apt-get -d ...
-f
Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit anypackages to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to completely correct the problem. Theoption is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to existon a system. It is possible that a system's dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (whichusually means using dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending packages). Use of this option together with -m may producean error in some situations. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.
apt-get -f ...
-m
Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files),hold back those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with -f may produce an error in some situations. If apackage is selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and it could not be downloaded then itwill be silently held back. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Missing.
apt-get -m ...
--no-download
Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with --ignore-missing to force APT to use only the .debs it has alreadydownloaded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download.
apt-get --no-download ...
-q
Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2.You can also use -q=# to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y; you shouldnever use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may decide to do something you did not expect.Configuration Item: quiet.
apt-get -q ...
-s
No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the current system state but do not actually change thesystem. Locking will be disabled (Debug::NoLocking) so the system state could change while apt-get is running. Simulations canalso be executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all apt configuration distorting the simulation. A noticeexpressing this warning is also shown by default for non-root users (APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note). Configuration Item:APT::Get::Simulate.Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a dpkg operation: configure (Conf), remove (Remv) or unpack (Inst).Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate breaks that are of no consequence (rare).
apt-get -s ...
-y
Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such aschanging a held package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package occurs then apt-get willabort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.
apt-get -y ...
--assume-no
Automatic "no" to all prompts. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-No.
apt-get --assume-no ...
--no-show-upgraded
Do not show a list of all packages that are to be upgraded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
apt-get --no-show-upgraded ...
-V
Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Versions.
apt-get -V ...
-a
This option controls the architecture packages are built for by apt-get source --compile and how cross-builddependencies aresatisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture is the same as the build architecture (which isdefined by APT::Architecture). Configuration Item: APT::Get::Host-Architecture.
apt-get -a ...
-P
This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package is built by apt-get source --compile and how builddependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More than one build profile can be activated at a time byconcatenating them with a comma. Configuration Item: APT::Build-Profiles.
apt-get -P ...
-b
Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Compile.
apt-get -b ...
--ignore-hold
Ignore package holds; this causes apt-get to ignore a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction withdist-upgrade to override a large number of undesired holds. Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold.
apt-get --ignore-hold ...
--with-new-pkgs
Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with upgrade. This is useful if the update of a installed package requiresnew dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the package back upgrade will upgrade the package and install the newdependencies. Note that upgrade with this option will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item:APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New.
apt-get --with-new-pkgs ...
--no-upgrade
Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with install, no-upgrade will prevent packages on the command line from beingupgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade.
apt-get --no-upgrade ...
--only-upgrade
Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with install, only-upgrade will install upgrades for already installedpackages only and ignore requests to install new packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Only-Upgrade.
apt-get --only-upgrade ...
--allow-downgrades
This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing downgrades. It should not be usedexcept in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-downgrades.Introduced in APT 1.1.
apt-get --allow-downgrades ...
--allow-remove-essential
Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is removing essentials. It shouldnot be used except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item:APT::Get::allow-remove-essential. Introduced in APT 1.1.
apt-get --allow-remove-essential ...
--allow-change-held-packages
Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is changing held packages. Itshould not be used except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item:APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages. Introduced in APT 1.1.
apt-get --allow-change-held-packages ...
--force-yes
Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing something potentiallyharmful. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using force-yes can potentially destroy your system!Configuration Item: APT::Get::force-yes. This is deprecated and replaced by --allow-unauthenticated , --allow-downgrades ,
apt-get --force-yes ...
--print-uris
Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI will have the path, the destination file name, the sizeand the expected MD5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file name on the remote site! This alsoworks with the source and update commands. When used with the update command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up tothe user to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Print-URIs.
apt-get --print-uris ...
--purge
Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which arescheduled to be purged. remove --purge is equivalent to the purge command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge.
apt-get --purge ...
--reinstall
Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. Configuration Item: APT::Get::ReInstall.
apt-get --reinstall ...
--list-cleanup
This option is on by default; use --no-list-cleanup to turn it off. When it is on, apt-get will automatically manage the contentsof /var/lib/apt/lists to ensure that obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change yoursources list. Configuration Item: APT::Get::List-Cleanup.
apt-get --list-cleanup ...
-t
This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a default pin at priority 990 using the specified releasestring. This overrides the general settings in /etc/apt/preferences. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the valueof this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be retrieved from. Somecommon examples might be -t '2.1*', -t unstable or -t sid. Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also theapt_preferences(5) manual page.
apt-get -t ...
--trivial-only
Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered related to --assume-yes; where --assume-yes willanswer yes to any prompt, --trivial-only will answer no. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Trivial-Only.
apt-get --trivial-only ...
--no-remove
If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without prompting. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Remove.
apt-get --no-remove ...
--auto-remove
If the command is either install or remove, then this option acts like running the autoremove command, removing unused dependencypackages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::AutomaticRemove.
apt-get --auto-remove ...
--only-source
Only has meaning for the source and build-dep commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be mapped through thebinary table. This means that if this option is specified, these commands will only accept source package names as arguments,rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the corresponding source package. Configuration Item:APT::Get::Only-Source.
apt-get --only-source ...
--diff-only
Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Diff-Only, APT::Get::Dsc-Only, andAPT::Get::Tar-Only.
apt-get --diff-only ...
--arch-only
Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Arch-Only.
apt-get --arch-only ...
--indep-only
Only process architecture-independent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Indep-Only.
apt-get --indep-only ...
--allow-unauthenticated
Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This can be useful while working with local repositories,but is a huge security risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself. The usage of the Trusted optionfor sources.list(5) entries should usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item:APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated.
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated ...
--no-allow-insecure-repositories
Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured sources. APT will fail at the update command forrepositories without valid cryptographically signatures. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the concept and the implications.Configuration Item: Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories.
apt-get --no-allow-insecure-repositories ...
--allow-releaseinfo-change
Allow the update command to continue downloading data from a repository which changed its information of the release contained inthe repository indicating e.g a new major release. APT will fail at the update command for such repositories until the change isconfirmed to ensure the user is prepared for the change. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the concept and configuration.Specialist options (--allow-releaseinfo-change-field) exist to allow changes only for certain fields like origin, label,codename, suite, version and defaultpin. See also apt_preferences(5). Configuration Item: Acquire::AllowReleaseInfoChange.
apt-get --allow-releaseinfo-change ...
--show-progress
Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machineparsable version of this data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration Items: Dpkg::Progress andDpkg::Progress-Fancy.
apt-get --show-progress ...
--with-source
Adds the given file as a source for metadata. Can be repeated to add multiple files. See --with-source description in apt-cache(8) for further details.
apt-get --with-source ...
-h
Show a short usage summary.
apt-get -h ...
-v
Show the program version.
apt-get -v ...
-c
Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will read the default configuration file and then thisconfiguration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the default configuration files are parsed specify a filewith the APT_CONFIG environment variable. See apt.conf(5) for syntax information.
apt-get -c ...
-o
Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option. The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar. -o and --option canbe used multiple times to set different options.FILES/etc/apt/sources.listLocations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList./etc/apt/sources.list.d/File fragments for locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceParts./etc/apt/apt.confAPT configuration file. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Main./etc/apt/apt.conf.d/APT configuration file fragments. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Parts./etc/apt/preferencesVersion preferences file. This is where you would specify "pinning", i.e. a preference to get certain packages from a separatesource or from a different version of a distribution. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Preferences./etc/apt/preferences.d/File fragments for the version preferences. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts./var/cache/apt/archives/Storage area for retrieved package files. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives./var/cache/apt/archives/partial/Storage area for package files in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives (partial will be implicitly appended)/var/lib/apt/lists/Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in sources.list(5) Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists./var/lib/apt/lists/partial/Storage area for state information in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists (partial will be implicitly appended)
apt-get -o ...